Internal-combustion engine



Jan. 2l, 1930.

M. l. BROWNE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed Sept. 13. 192'7 fwn W4 me, 34 wm Jmzl, 1930.

M. l. BROWNE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. '13, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 2l, 1930 UNITED STATES MICHAEL I. BROWNE, OF DELIA, KANSAS INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Application led September 13, 1927.

rllhis invention relates to internal combustion engines operating on the two cycle principle, and has for its object to provide an in` ternal combustion, two cycle engine capable of attaining high speed crank shaft rotation; which eliminates the wrist pin joint between the piston and connecting rod, thereby minimizing the friction on the cylinder wall; which employs an oscillating cylinder to usurp the function of a wrist pin oint, thereby permitting more durable bearings than are practical in a wrist pin joint; which employs mechanically operated valves which is highly efficient in its scavenging action; which eliminatos the necessity of timing gears andcounter shaft in its valve operating mechanism.

The novel structure of this engine account for the following advantages; an unusually long stroke; high primary compression; a piston cooled by the inilowing combustible gases thereby eliminating preignition due to incandescent carbon on the piston head.

An examination of the specification and description of the method of operating will disclose other advantages not herein specifically pointed out, but which I will endeavor to enumerate in the appended claims. The numerical and alphabetical references in this specification are to the accompanying illustrations which are a part of this specification, and in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section in a plane parallel to the line of the crank shaft; .Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section, at right angles to the plane of section in Figure 1, the crank shaft appearing in crees section of its crank pin.

Figure 8 is a plan view of the exhaust port, looking from above, surrounded by a continuous packing strip;

Fig. e is a cross section of the continuous paclling strip shown in Figure 3, with its thrust spring also shown in section.

The specification and drawing, herewith submitted in this application are for a vertical engine but I do not wish to be limited in the scope of this invention to a vertical engine, as horizontal mounting is equally feasible.

Referring to Fig. 1, the two side members 1 and 1L are secured at their base to base plate showing the said port Serial No. 219,355.

41. Each of the side members 1 and 1L, have two apertures A' and AL and 26 and 26L, the L referring to the member on the left. The apertures A and AL are provided for the purpose of receiving the crank shaft t, and to facilitate the insertion of the crank shaft bearing caps 2 and 2L respectively. The apertures 26 and 26L are provided to receive the cylinder hanger bosses 27 and 27L respectively. An arcuate cap member 24 securely attaches to the upper extremity of the side member 1 and in like manner to side member 1L. A cylinder 18 is mounted between the two side members l and 1L, by means of integral bosses 27 and 27L resting on bearings in the apertures 26 and 2GL respectively. An arcuate intermediate valve member 23, the contour of the upper surface of which conforms to the contour of the lower arcuate surface of the cap member 24 and is constrained in slidable proximity to the said cap member 24 by means of angle retainers integral with the said cap member, is situated slidably between the extremity of the head of cylinder 18 and the cap member 24. That portion of the ends of the arcuate intermediate valve member 23 which lies between the integral retention angles of the cap member 24, are bent downwardly to an extent and at an angle which will herein later be more fully described. The head of cylinder 18 is preferably integral with the cylinder and converges to a boss-like extremity which gives a longitudinal rectangular section as is suggested in Fig. 3. The length of this cylinder head extremity is such as to permit. a sliding lit between the integral retention angles of cap member 24. In F ig. 1 the length appears equal to the outside diameter of the cylinder. The boss-like extremity of the integral head of cylinder 18, is perforated to form port 2O which periodically coacts with the port 21 in the arcuate valve member 23 and port 22 in the cap member 24: to permit the interior of cylinder 18 to communicate with a suitable exhaust conductor pipe, not shown. The cylinder hanger boss 27L is perforated longitudinally at 32 to form part of a conductor passage, integral y with the cylinder preferably, tern'iinating 10U Wall and the water jacket 19. Conductors 3G comnnmicate with the water spaces in the boss like extremity 25, of the integral cylinder head of cylinder 18, and terminate in the lower portion of water jacket 19, dischargin into the space formed between cylinder 18 and jacket 19. Conductors 3G are shown in Figure 2. Continuing the reference to Fig` ure 2, an annular partition divides the space formed between the cylinder 18 and jacket 19 into an upper and lower portion. The annular partition is shown in section at 35 and lies in a plane at right angles to the cylinder bore. The said annular partition 35 is interrupted on either side, by the cylinder hanger bosses 27 and 27L, the said cylinder hanger bosses forming part of the partition. A flanged member 15, fixed to the lower ex.- tremity of the cylinder 18, is provided with integral tubular extensions, one on each face of the flange, which serve as a guide for the connectingr rod 7. A packing nut 1G threadably connects with the exterior tubular extension of member 15 and serves to compress the packing 28 around connecting rod 7. The connecting rod 7, at its upper extremity carries an enlarged portion, preferably integral, which forms a piston. The piston with its com ression rings 72 are inserted in the cylinder fiom the lower end of same and the flange member` 15 slipped over the connecting rod 7. Bolts 17 secure flanged member 15 to the lower extremity of cylinder 18. Packing 28 and packing nut 16 are placed as shown in the Figure 2. Prior to inserting the piston in the cylinder the valve assembly consisting of valve 14 with its integral iarc 80, valve guide 13, valve spring 12 and valve spring retaining disk 11 are inserted in the tubular connecting rod as shown in Figure 2, the valve 14 seating in the port formed in the piston head. Dowel pin 81 retains valve guide 13 in position. Valve push rod 8 having two enlarged portions for bearings and carrying valve adjusting screw 9 with its lock nut 10, is inserted in the tubular connecting rod through the open lower extremity. The internally flanged nut 71 is threadably assembled to connecting rod 7, the internal flange of said nut 71 partially obstructing the o ning in the tubular connecting rod 7, but allwing the push rod roller 6 to protrude. The spindle pin of push rod roller 6, terminate in grooves in the Wall of tubular connecting rod 7 and thus serve to prevent the push rod 8 from rotating. The internally flanged nut 71 is oblong in shape and carries two integral rods 7 O, Figure 1, which are movably secured to the crank pin of crank shaft et by means of bearing caps 74. The integral rods give the internally flanged nut 71 a bifurcated character, thus permitting the integral cam 5 on the crank pin of crank shaft 4, to pass m'iobstructedly between the said rods during circhi-evolution of the said crank pin.

The contour of the arced surface of the cap member 2i, t ic iiitermediate valve member 28 and the boss like extremity Q5 of cylindcr 18, is determined by having them conform to the arc described by radii respectively, which focus at a point in a line which coincides with the longitudinal centers of the integral hanger bosses of cylinder 18, said bosses 27 and QTL being mounted centrally in bearings in aperturesl i2() and QSL respectively. It is obvious that the radius cmpioyed to determine the internal arc of cap member Q4, is len r than the radius em,- ployed to determine tne internal are of intermediate valve member 23. The members 42 and 2L are secured to the base plate 41, side members' 1 and 1L and cap member 24. They serve to complete the enclosure, thus with covers 4;() and tOL over apertures A and AL the engine is thoroughly secured against the entrance of dirt and grit to the mechanism.

The location of the spark plug is indicated at 43 Figure 2. Fig. -lis a cross section of the continuous pachng strip 87 with a scction of the thrust spring This packing strip is inlaid in the arced surface of theI boss like extremity Q5 of cylinder 18, and conforms to the arc thereof. The packing strip 37 surrounds the port 2O in boss Figure 3, and thrust against the internal arced surface cf intermediate valve member Q3.

The integral boss cylinder hanger QTL with the perforation 32 is extended sulliciently to receive an intake conductor leading from a carburettor, the union being of a packed joint nature which will permit the oscillating movement of the said cylinder boss QL. The cylinder hanger boss Q7 is likewise extended :ad also the conductor 3?), the latter extending sutdeicntly further to pass through a cap conncctmf union which joins perforation in the cylinder hanger boss 27, with a conductor running at right angles. The cylinder hanger boss 27 is packed where it enters the cap connector union in order to permit the cylinder hanger boss 27 to oscillate. Vlhe conductor 88 iff. also packed where it p2 es through the cap connector union in order Vto permit it to o 'l late in unison with the cylinder hanger boss; 9" n additional conductor is movably con- Vplate 41, and through nected torconductor 38, by means of packing, which connects to suitable pump or circulating device. Lubrication accomplished by splashing the oil supply resting on base an oil supply fed to the intake manifold passage connected to cylinder hanger boss 27L.

This specification is descriptive ofa single cylinder but it is obvious that the invention disclosed can be utilized in the construction of a multicylinder engine and its application in the multicylinder field will be very practicable.

In the operation of this internal combustion engine, the integral piston of connecting rod 7 is moved forward in the 'cylinder and the vacuum thereby produced in the lower portion of the said cylinder causes an inflow of combustible fuel from the carburettor through the passage TWhen the crank pin of the crank shaft 4 passes the upper dead center the connecting rod 7 attached thereto causes the integral piston to accomplish a down stroke which compresses the combustible gas drawn into the lower portion of the cylinder, the automatic check valve 29 cooperating to accomplish this action. lhen the crank pin of the crank shaft 4 is at lower dead center the cam 5 on the Iraid crank pin forces the roller G and consequently the push rod 8 forward, causing the valve 14 to lift from its seat in the head of the integral piston of connecting rod 7. The compressed gas is thus forcibly injected into the combustion chamber above the said piston and directed against the inner surface of the wall of cylinder 18, by the flare 8O on valve 14. At an early stage in the return stroke of the piston the valve 14 closes by virtue of the cam 5 passing from under roller 6 due to the revolving` movement of the crank pin of crank shaft 4. The gas is now com-` pressed above the integral piston of the connecting rod 7, and a new charge is drawn into the lower portion of the cylinder. l/Vhen the crank pin again reaches the upper dead center or shortly thereafter, the charge is fired by means of a suitable ignition device, preferably a spark plug as indicated at 43, the explosion forcing the piston downward on its power stroke and repeating the compression cycle above described, and for the purpose of distinction here referred to as the primary compression. During the downward or power stroke of the piston until the crank pin of the crank shaft 4 stands at 90,

. the cylinder 18 moves on its hanger bosses 27 and 27L, the said movement causing the cylinder head extension 25 to engage the down bent ends of the intermediate valve member 23 and exert a traction thereby on the said valve member 23 which nally brings the port- 21 of the valve member 23 into conjunction with the po'rt 22 of the cap member 24. The next 900 movement of the crank pin of the crank shaft 4 ycauses a reverse movement of the cylinder 18 on its hanger bosses 27 and 27L which movement finally brings the port 20 of the cylinder head extension 25 into conjunction with the ports 21 and 22 previously alined. This permits the burned gases to exhaust from the combustion chamber through the passageway formed by the conjunction of these three ports, viz, 21, 22 and 20. The next 90 of revolution of the crank pin of crank shaft' 4, serves to continue the movement of cylinder 1S on its hanger bosses 27 and 27L. Because of this movement and by virtue of the cylinder head extension 25 acting on the downward bent end of the intermediate valve member 23 which is nearest the port 21, the said intermediate valve member is retracted thus moving the ports 21 and 22 from conjunction and closing the port 22 as a consequence. When the port 20 and also 21 were in the process of transition across port 22, the valve 14 in the head of the integral piston of connecting rod 7, was held in an open position by the action of cam 5 and by the pressure of the gas confined vin the lower part of cylinder 18 in the process of its primary compression as before described. As the burnt gases escape through the conjoined ports 20, 21 and 22, the fresh charge enters through the port in the piston head controlled by said valve 14, and is directed against the walls of cylinder 18 by the flare 8O on the head of valve 14. The friction of the wall of cylinder 18 retards the forward movement of the fresh charge of gas and serves to promote the removal of the burnt gas. This process results in a high degree of scavanging elliciency. A metal cloth 3S serves to preventa preignition of the fresh gas while in the lower portion of the cylinder. The passage of the fresh charge of gas through the port in the piston head serves to cool the piston head and also valve 14 and thus prevent carbon knocking due to incandescent carben thereon. Shortly after the crank pin of crank shaft 4 passes lower dead center, the conjunction of ports 20, 21 and is interrupted. The exhaust action is thereby terminated and the secondary compression of the fresh charge is begun and continues until the crank pin reaches upper dead center at or near which point the charge is ignited and the cycle just described is repeated, It is of assistance to note, in the study of the operation of this engine that the ports 20, 21 and 22 are in conjunction while the crank pin is at or near lower dead center. lVhen the crank pin is at any other point in its revolution there is no available avenue for the gas charge to escape. The intermittent action of the intermediate valve member 23 is mechanically accomplished by virtue of the oscillating movement of the cylinder 18 on its integral hanger bosses 27 and 27L.

The circuit of the cooling medimn is through the conductor 33, the upper portion of the cylinder jacket enclosure, thence through conductors 36 leading from the cylinder head boss Q5 to the lower portion of the cylinder jacket enclosure and finally through perforation 34 in cylinder hanger boss 27, to the radiator.

I claim- 1. In an internal combustion engine,'an inclosed assembly consisting of a cylinder, a head on said cylinder, an arcuate extremity on extension boss on said head, the contour of said arcuate extremity conforming to the arc of a circle described by a radius focused in and at right angles to a line which is the common axis of diametrically opposed radiating bosses integral with the aforesaid cylinder, a piston reciprocally operable in said cylinder, a perforated rod integral with said piston, said perforated rod reciprocally operable in a guide secured to the base of the aforesaid cylinder', a bifur ha ed end member secured to said perforated rod, the rods of said bifurcated end member revoluhly secured to the crank pin of a crank shaft, said crank shaft and aforesaid cylinder rotatably and rockably mounted, respectively, in and between side lnembers, said side members secured to and mounted on a base plate, an arcuate cap niember secured to and mounted on side members, the contour of said arcuate cap member conforming to the are of a circle described by a radius focused in and at right angles to a line which is the common axis of the aforesaid diametrically opposed radiating bosses on the aforesaid c vlinder when said cylinder is mounted between said side members, strip members secured to the aforesaid base plate, to the aforesaid arcuate cap member and to the aforesaid side members, the covers over apertures in said side members completing the inclosure.

2. In an internal combustion engine, an assembly consisting of a base plate, side members secured to and lnounted on said base plate, an aperture in each of said side members with a bearing located in each of said apertures respectively, a crank shaft rotatably mounted on said bearings and a cam protuberance mounted on the bearing surface of the crank pin of said crank shaft.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head integral with said cylinder, a boss on said head, an arcuate extremity on said boss, the contour of said extremity coliforming to an arc described by a radius focused in and at right angles to a line passing diametrically through said cylinder; a pair of annular radially arranged diametrically opposed, longitudinally and radially perforated bosses integral with said cylinder in a position concentric with the arcuate extremity of the boss on the head of said cylinder, the com mon axis of the said diametrically opposed bosses being the aforesaid line passing diametrically through the aforesaid cylinder.

4. In an internal combustion engine, an assembly consistingT of a base plate, side members secured to and mounted on said base plate, an aperture in each of said side members with a bearing located in each of said apertures, a cylinder mounted in said bearings by means of a pair of annular radially arranged bosses integral with said cylinder at diametrically opposed points, said cylinder being free to perform an oscillating movement by means of said annular radiating bosses being rotatably constrained in said bearings in a position of concentric relation to an arcuate cap member mounted ou the aforesaid side members.

5. In an internal combusion engine, an assembly consisting of a base plate, side members secured to and mounted on said base plate, an aperture in each of said side members with a bearing located in each of said apertures respectively, a crank shaft rotatably mounted on said bearings, a cylinder n'ioyably mounted between said side members by means of annular diametrieally opposed radially arranged bosses rotatably constrained in a p, tion of concentric relation to an arcuate cap member mounted on the aforesaid side members, a piston operable in said cylinder, a perforated connecting rod integrally att; ched to said piston, a bifurcated element secured to the end of said perforated connecting rod, a bearing including a cap, in cach rod of the bifurcated element respectively, said bearings being revolubly attached to the crank pin of the aforesaid lcrank shaft, a cam on said crank pin revolubly operable between the bearings of the rods of the said bifurcated element by Virtue of the revolving crank pin.

(3. In an internal combustion engine, an inclosed assembly consisting of a cylinder, a head on said cylinder, an arcuate extremity on the extension boss of said head, the con-` tour of said arcuate extremity conforming to the are of a circle described by a radius focused in and at right angles to a line which is a common axis of diametri/cally opposed annular radiating bosses integral with the aforesaid cylinder, a piston rtwziprocally operable in said cylinder, a perforated rod integral with or rigidly secured to said piston, said perforated rod rcciprocally operable in a guide secured to the base of thik aforesaid cylinder, a bifurcated end meniber secu red to the said perforated rod, the rod of said bifui-cated end member rcvolubly secured to the crank pin of a crank shaft, a cam ou said crank pin revolubly operable between the rods of the aforesaid bifurcated end nnmbcr by virtue of the revolving crank pin, said cam cooperating with a push rod to lift a combustible mixture inlet valve stem, said push rod and valve stem functioiiing within the said integral perforated rod; the aforesaid crank shaft and the aforesaid cylinder rotatably and roclably mounted respectively, in and between side members, said side ment bers secured to and mounted on a base plate, an arcuate cap member mounted on and secured to said side members, the contour of said arcuate cap mer ber conforming to the arc of a circle described by a radius focused in and at right angles to a line which is a common axis of diametrieally opposed annular radiating bosses integral with the aforesaid cylinder when said cylinder is mounted in the aforesaid side members, strip members secured to said arcuate cap member, to the aforesaid base plate and to the aforesaid side members, the covers over apertures in said side members completing the inclosure.

7. In an internal combustion engine, an assembly consistino' of a base plate, side r, members secured to and mounted on said base plate, a cylinder movably mounted between said side members, a piston operable in said cylinder, a perforated connecting rod integrally attached to said piston, a flanged meniber secured to the base of the wall of the aforesaid cylinder, the aforesaid connecting rod reciprocally operable in opposed aligned perforated extensions on the faces of the said fianged member, one extension on each face respectively.

8. In an internal combustion engine, an assembly consisting of a base plate, side members secured to and mounted on said base plate, a cylinder movably mounted between said side members, a head integral with or secured to said cylinder, a perforated boss mounted on said head, said perforation communicating with the interior space of said cylinder and head, constituting a combustion chamber, an inlaid packing strip surrounding said perforation, a thrust spring underlying said packing strip, the exposed surface of said packing strip and the extremity of the aforesaid boss being arcuate in form, the contour being established by a radius at right angles to and focused in a line which is the common axis of the annular radiating bosses of the aforesaid cylinder.

9. In an internal combustion engine, an assembly consisting of a base plate, side members secured to and mounted on said base plate, a cylinder movably mounted between said side members, an arcuate cap member secured to and mounted on said side members, a perforation in said arcuate cap member located centrally by a vertical line intersecting a line which is the axis of the annular radial bosses of said cylinder, an intermediate arcuate valve member slidably mounted over the arcuate extremity of the aforesaid cylinder head boss by means of retainers integral with said arcuate cap member, a perforation in said intermediate valve member cooperable with the perforations, in the said cylinder head boss and in the aforesaid arcuate cap member respectively, conjunctively.

l0. In an internal combustion engine, a base plate, side members secured to and mounted on said base plate, a cylinder movably mounted between said side members, a head integral with or secured to said cylinder, a boss mounted on said head, an arcuate intermediate valve member slidably mounted on said cylinder head boss, inwardly bent terminals on said intermediate valve member, said intermediate valve member functioning reciprocally by virtue of its inwardly bent terminals being alternately engaged by the boss on the head of the aforesaid movably mounted cylinder, said cylinder being constrained to an oscillating movement.

ll. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocally operable in said cylinder, a port in the head of said cylinder, a connecting rod integral with or secured to said piston, an aperture in said connecting rod adjacent 'the said port in cylinder head a port near the base of'said cylinder, a valve controllingsaid port, a conductor connecting said port with an inlet to the longitudinal perforation in the annular radially arranged boss on the said cylinder, a two cycle principle of operation featured by a primary compression in the lower portion of the said cylinder below the said piston, the injection of the primarily compressed fuel through the aforesaid aperture in the connecting rod and the port in the piston head successively, to the cylinder portion above the said piston, utilizing the friction of the wall of said cylinder to retard the forward progress of the injected gas, means for directing the said gas against the cylinder wall, and means vfor exhausting the burned gases through the port in the boss mounted on the head of the said cylinder.

l2. In an internal combustion engine, an assembly consisting of a base plate, side members secured to and mounted on said base plate, a crank shaft mounted on bearing in said side members, a cylinder movably mounted between said side members, a piston operable in said cylinder, a connecting rod integral with or secured to said piston, said connecting rod engaging the crank pin of the said crank shaft through the medium of a bifurcated end member, the aforesaid cylinder being constrained to an oscillating movement by virtue of the revolving crank pin of the said crank shaft cooperating with the said connecting rod and the reciprocating movement of the said connecting rod, thereby produced.

13. In an internal combustion engine, a base plate, side members secured to and mounted on said base plate, an arcuate cap member secured to and mounted on said side members, a cylinder movably mounted between said side members, a head integral with or secured to said cylinder, a boss, having an arcuate extremity, mounted on said head, an arcuate intermediate valve member movably mounted on the arcuate extremity of said boss, the several arcuate surfaces cooperating herein, being concentric, their radii being?r protracted at right angles to and focused in a line which is the axis of the aforesaid diametrically opposed annular radiating bosses of the aforesaid cylinder'.

MICHAEL I. BROWNE. 

